Hemimandibular hyperplasia, commonly known as jaw asymmetry, represents a debated and challenging issue in dentistry. On X-rays, this condition is visible by the notable asymmetry of the mandibular ascending branches, irregularities in the condyles’ thickness on both sides, asymmetrical muscle bulk, and disparities in the length of the mandibular inferior border.

Moreover, it presents with distortions in the width of the upper arch and tilting of the transverse plane of the maxilla. These complexities involve interdependent factors such as skeletal structure, muscular composition, and occlusion, each influencing the other.

Another contributing factor leading to jaw asymmetry, often overlooked, is crossbite. This occurs when upper teeth bite outside (buccal aspect) or inside (lingual aspect) of the lower teeth, resulting in an abnormal occlusal relationship between upper and lower teeth.

Untreated hemimandibular hyperplasia can significantly impact both dental health and facial aesthetics:

• Effects on Occlusion: Prolonged crossbite can lead to reduced functionality of the posterior, severe single-sided tooth wear, and an increased risk of dental caries due to food debris accumulation.

• Effects on the Joint: With aging, symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders may occur, such as joint clicking, pain, or dislocation.

• Aesthetic Impact: Accumulation of posterior crossbite can cause facial asymmetry, commonly known as “uneven facial sides” or “asymmetrical face,” adversely affecting overall facial aesthetics.

Addressing hemimandibular hyperplasia requires tailored approaches based on the specific nature of the condition:

• Orthodontic Intervention: Orthodontic treatments, including braces, aligners, or functional appliances, aim to correct skeletal discrepancies, align teeth properly, and restore normal occlusion.

• TMJ Therapy: Managing TMJ locking involves techniques to release the joint lock and restore proper occlusion. This may include exercises, manual manipulation, or splint therapy prescribed by a dental professional.

• Surgical Correction: In severe cases, surgical procedures might be necessary to correct skeletal deformities and reposition the jaw, often in combination with orthodontic treatment.

Timely intervention is crucial to mitigate the adverse effects of hemimandibular hyperplasia on dental health and facial aesthetics. Consulting with a qualified dental professional for an accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment plan is essential for effectively addressing the complexities of this condition.